Abstract: To investigate the effects of biochar preparation and structural regulation on the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soils in China, this study used a Meta-analysis method to systematically collect and integrate published literature worldwide including field experiments, pot experiments, and laboratory incubation studies. We quantitatively evaluated the influences of straw-derived biochar properties such as feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, modification method, and application rate on soil physicochemical properties and the remediation efficiency for soils contaminated with lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As).The results showed that modified biochar significantly improved soil physicochemical properties. Compared with the control group, the average increases in soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) reached 10.34%, 36.48%, and 23.42%, respectively. Among different modification methods, thiourea modification had the most obvious effect on increasing soil pH (25.83%), microbial modification most prominently promoted SOC (61.25%), and Mn modification increased CEC by up to 132.69%.In terms of biochar intrinsic properties, biochar with pH 9–10 achieved the highest SOC improvement (46.38%); pyrolysis temperature above 700°C performed best in enhancing pH and CEC (21.08% and 74.56%, respectively); application rate of 1%–2% led to the largest CEC increase (55.72%), while 2%–5% most effectively improved SOC (35.18%). For soil conditions, modified biochar increased CEC most significantly in alkaline soils (48.08%), and the improvement in sandy soils was markedly higher than in other soil textures. For heavy metal remediation, the immobilization of Pb by modified biochar was dominated by pH and ash content, with the best performance at high temperature (>700°C) and application rate of 4%–6%. The optimal conditions for Cd remediation were lignocellulosic feedstock, organic modification, and 2%–3% application rate, which … Read More

Abstract: This study aims to take the Duihekou Reservoir in Deqing County, Huzhou City, China as a case study to explore key issues in the construction and enhancement of ecological buffer zones for rural water sources, analyze the construction outcomes and existing challenges, and propose optimization measures. The research findings indicate that the ecological buffer zone construction of the reservoir has achieved significant results in improving water quality and enhancing ecosystem stability, yet it also faces ecological and management challenges such as a monotonous vegetation structure and inadequate management and maintenance. Based on these findings, the study proposes ecological restoration measures which including optimizing vegetation structure and strengthening wetland rehabilitation, as well as management optimization strategies such as establishing comprehensive management systems and enhancing interdepartmental collaboration, along with social participation initiatives like fostering public engagement mechanisms and implementing ecological compensation programs, aiming to provide valuable insights for the construction and enhancement of ecological buffer zones in other rural water sources. Read More

Abstract: Quantifying terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle, mitigating climate change, and achieving carbon neutrality targets. Land use and land cover change (LUCC) represents one of the most significant anthropogenic drivers of terrestrial carbon dynamics. Within the peer-reviewed English-language literature, the integration of remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and spatially explicit models has become a prominent approach for carbon storage assessment. This review synthesizes a purposive sample of 23 peer-reviewed studies (2006–2025) across four analytical dimensions: (1) carbon storage estimation models, including the InVEST framework, Gaussian process regression (GPR), DNDC, and CBM-CFS3; (2) land use simulation models such as FLUS, PLUS, and CLUE-S; (3) multi-scenario prediction frameworks; and (4) driving factor analyses. A structured comparison of model architectures, validation approaches, and reported accuracies reveals systematic strengths and limitations within each model class as represented in this corpus. The synthesis identifies five cross-cutting concerns in the reviewed literature: (i) a pronounced geographic concentration on Chinese study sites (65% of the corpus), which limits the global generalizability of the synthesized findings; (ii) the near-absence of out-of-sample validation for coupled LUCC–carbon frameworks within the reviewed studies; (iii) potential confirmation bias toward positive model performance reporting; (iv) a conceptual gap between static carbon density look-up approaches and dynamic biogeochemical process representations; and (v) a temporal scale mismatch between land use simulation time steps and carbon flux timescales. Future research priorities identified from this corpus include independent multi-model validation against field measurements, formal uncertainty propagation through coupled model chains, and the operationalization of carbon storage modeling within … Read More

Abstract: This article aims to systematically review the research advancements of biochar in the field of wastewater pollutant adsorption and explore its application potential and challenges as an environmentally friendly adsorbent material. With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the massive discharge of various organic and inorganic pollutants into water bodies poses severe threats to both ecosystems and human health, making the development of efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable water treatment technologies a critical focus in environmental engineering. Biochar, a porous carbon material produced through pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen-deficient conditions, demonstrates significant advantages in adsorbing and removing pollutants such as heavy metal ions, organic dyes, drug residues, and nutrients due to its extensive pore structure, large specific surface area, and surface-modifiable functional groups. Starting from theoretical foundations, this paper elucidates how raw materials and pyrolysis conditions critically influence biochar's physicochemical properties, as well as the key mechanisms involved in adsorption—including pore filling, electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, ion exchange, and π-π interactions. Subsequently, it reviews current domestic and international research on biochar's performance in adsorbing various pollutants, analyzes the relationships between raw material selection, modification methods (e.g., acid/alkali treatment, metal loading, composite construction), and adsorption efficiency, and evaluates the effects of adsorption parameters such as pH, temperature, initial pollutant concentration, and contact duration. Although studies confirm biochar's ability to significantly reduce pollutant concentrations, its practical applications face challenges including limited adsorption capacity, insufficient selectivity, unstable regeneration performance, and potential ecological risks. This paper provides a comprehensive … Read More

Abstract: Block D has maintained low-efficiency and low-rate development for more than 30 years, with an oil recovery factor of merely 8.4%. It is urgent to tap the production potential of this mature oilfield. Centered on detailed analysis of production and injection wells, this study achieves breakthroughs via refined sedimentary cognition, clarifies the distribution rules of oil-water contact, accurately characterizes faults to identify reservoir space, predicts remaining oil potential to define development directions, and finally realizes the deployment of profitable well locations. The integrated evaluation and overall edge potential tapping methodology for mature blocks proposed in this paper boasts broad application prospects, which can be extended to 14 mature oilfields including Shuguang Oilfield and Xinglongtai Oilfield. Read More