Abstract: Since the emergence of open building theory in the Netherlands in the 1960s, it has gained worldwide attention. Various countries have adapted and developed the theory in line with their unique social contexts, leading to extensive applications and innovations in areas such as urban and rural housing, post-disaster reconstruction, and historic urban renewal. This paper first traces the evolution of open building theory, summarizing its technical breakthroughs in practice. It then examines the core SI (Skeleton-Infill) system—the underlying design logic of the theory—and illustrates its design methodology and sustainable applications through relevant case studies. By emphasizing a design process in which both architects and users collaboratively define the boundaries between permanence and change, this study aims to provide a socially grounded perspective for China's transition into an era of residential stock renewal. Read More

Abstract: This study analyzes 70 shale-oil horizontal wells in the Chang-7 interval of the Qingcheng Oilfield, Ordos Basin, using the K-means clustering algorithm to evaluate production capacity. The objective is to provide a foundation for differentiated development and refined management. First-year cumulative oil production was selected as the primary classification metric. The silhouette coefficient and elbow methods were used to determine the optimal cluster number. Results indicate that a three-class division is most appropriate: Class I wells (> 4,300 t, 21.7%), Class II wells (2,900-4,300 t, 40.8%), and Class III wells (< 2,900 t, 37.5%). Correlation analysis revealed distinct controlling factors for each well type. Class I wells are jointly influenced by engineering and geological conditions, with key parameters including drilled lateral length, proppant volume, and log-interpreted Class I intervals. Class II wells are primarily affected by engineering parameters and production practices, notably injected fluid volume, cluster number, pump rate, and shut-in duration. Class III wells are mainly governed by geological factors, with permeability, porosity, and average total organic carbon content being the most critical. The findings suggest that fracture-design and production strategies should be tailored to the specific controlling factors of each well type to enhance shale-oil development efficiency and achieve targeted exploitation. This approach offers a practical technical pathway and theoretical reference for classification management and optimization of shale-oil horizontal wells in the region. Read More

Abstract: As an important unconventional natural gas resource, in-depth research on coalbed methane (CBM) is of great significance. By synthesizing relevant literature, this paper expounds the concept, genetic types, and accumulation mechanisms of CBM, conducts a detailed analysis of the characteristics and distribution laws of CBM reservoirs, discusses the current status and challenges of CBM exploration and development technologies, summarizes the environmental impacts of CBM development and corresponding response strategies, and looks forward to future research directions. The purpose is to comprehensively sort out the research progress in the field of CBM and provide a reference for subsequent in-depth research and development practices. Read More

Abstract: Geological sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2), being one of the important methods to deal with anthropogenic climate change, is to reduce the large scale emission to the atmosphere. Among all the trapping mechanisms, mineral carbonation, i.e., the reaction between CO₂ and silicate minerals to form stable, solid carbonate minerals, is considered the most secure and long-term solution to effectively isolate CO₂. This paper carries out a thorough and extended examination of the long-term stability of CO2 sequestered through in-situ mineral carbonation. It probes the key geochemical reactions shaping the change of injected supercritical CO₂ into solid mineral forms, focusing mainly on mafic and ultramafic rock formations abundant with olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase. The assessment framework described here looks at main interdependent factors that affect secure storage for an extended amount of time. Includes a detailed analysis of intrinsic reaction kinetics of silicate dissolution, evolution of host rock’s geomechanical property under coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) stress, and the whole-scale integrity of the overlying caprock. Investigate how varying porosity and permeability brought on by competing mineral dissolution and carbonate precipitation alter the reservoir’s hydraulic properties and long term containment system. In addition to that the paper talks about the role of advanced numerical modeling of the reactive transport to predict the behavior of the storage reservoir over a span of few decades to millennial scales. And they’re important for predicting the rate of mineralization, the extent of the carbonate precipitates, and any geomechanical risks like earthquakes or cap rock fracturing. Lastly we look at state-of -the -art observation and inspection technologies that are needed for observing the subsurface plume and verifying the advancing mineral carbonation and certifying the long -term stable and environmentally safe sequestration … Read More

Abstract: With the development of modern industrialization, the problems of flood disaster, water quality and river channel change in the Yellow River Basin are prominent, and its water area is of great significance to water resource management, flood control safety and ecological environment protection. As an important part of the flood control system in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, the water body of Dongping County is responsible for the dual tasks of dividing the Yellow River flood and regulating the flood of Wenhe River. Its water body area is constantly changing, which affects the water ecosystem, water quality and climate regulation in multiple dimensions. This study focuses on the monitoring of water body area in Dongping County. Landsat8 images from 2019-2023 are taken as the research object, and their preprocessing, classification by remote sensing supervision and decision tree classification are conducted. The resulting data are analyzed by accuracy verification and comparison. The results showed that the water body area of Dongping County increased year by year, from 2019 to 2023, the area increased by 8.08km². The change rate and increase rate of water body area in this region have a significant increasing trend. There was a significant positive correlation between precipitation and water area change in Dongping County, and the correlation coefficient was 0.931. It will help improve the water storage and flood control capacity of Dongping Lake, and play a positive role in reducing the risk of natural disasters and protecting the ecological environment. Read More

Abstract: The history of Earth's evolution shows that environmental changes have led to multiple major biological evolution events and altered the course of life evolution on Earth. Clarifying the timing and underlying mechanisms of these environmental upheavals is of great significance for us to respond to today's global changes. The Pre Cambrian period occupies the vast majority of geological history, exhibiting changes and evolution in atmospheric composition, paleoclimate, life, and other aspects at different time scales. In recent years, a large number of reliable Milankovitch cycle records have been identified in pre-Cambrian strata worldwide. With the help of various sedimentary cycle analyses, it is expected to establish a high-resolution chronological framework for the early evolution of the Earth, obtain data on planetary orbital interactions, and reconstruct the history of celestial dynamics. Through the main examples of pre-Cambrian cycle stratigraphy research, this paper analyzes the key issues and main challenges of pre-Cambrian cycle stratigraphy research, such as alternative indicators of primitive climate, reconstruction of celestial dynamics models, complex climate models, and paleogeographic uncertainties. It attempts to propose solutions to these problems. Read More

Abstract: The global rise in Mandarin Chinese learning has illuminated a significant pedagogical challenge: the acquisition of Chinese characters (Hanzi) by learners from non-Hanzi cultural spheres, particularly those whose first language (L1) is based on an alphabetic system. These learners face unique cognitive hurdles stemming from the logographic nature of Hanzi, including graphemic complexity, the opaque relationship between form, sound, and meaning, and substantial memory load. Traditional pedagogical methods, often characterized by a one-size-fits-all curriculum, struggle to adequately address the diverse inter-learner and intra-learner variabilities in cognitive styles, L1 interference, and learning trajectories. This paper presents a comprehensive conceptual framework for an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-empowered system designed to create dynamic, personalized learning paths for this specific learner demographic. The proposed framework moves beyond static, technology-enhanced learning tools by integrating principles from second language acquisition, cognitive psychology, and computational linguistics. It is architected around four core modules: a multi-dimensional Learner Profile Module for capturing dynamic learner states; a structured Knowledge Representation Module that models Hanzi as a complex network of graphical, phonetic, and semantic features; a Personalization Engine that leverages machine learning algorithms to analyze learner data and generate optimized learning sequences; and an Interactive Content and Assessment Module that provides adaptive, multi-modal learning activities and diagnostic feedback. The paper elaborates on the theoretical underpinnings of this framework, detailing how AI can facilitate adaptive scaffolding, intelligent error diagnosis, and contextualized learning. By systematically deconstructing characters based on structural complexity, etymological lineage, and semantic relativity, the system can sequence content to mitigate cognitive … Read More

Abstract: This article systematically explores the development history, current application status and future prospects of microbial enzymes, with a particular focus on the unique structure and function of polar microbial enzymes. The aim is to break through the technical bottlenecks of traditional enzyme preparations and explore their innovative application potential in the industrial field. Read More

Abstract: In order to study the effect of high-temperature and high-pressure CO2 on the physical properties of deep volcanic rock reservoirs in the southern Songliao Basin, a closed-system temperature and pressure co-controlled water-rock reaction simulation method was used to simulate formation temperatures (120°C, 130°C, 140°C) and formation pressures (20MPa, 60MPa) conditions, 6 groups of supercritical CO2-water-rock reaction experiments were carried out. The pore characteristics of the reservoir rock samples before and after the reaction were analyzed using QEMSCAN and scanning electron microscopy to determine the modi-fication of reservoir properties due to the water-rock reaction after CO2 injection into deep volcanic reser-voirs. The experimental results show that the water-rock reaction reaches equilibrium after 96 hours. Super-critical CO2 has different dissolution effects on rock samples at different temperatures and pressures, with a maximum dissolution rate of 0.2803 and a maximum increase in porosity of 5.18%. Supercritical CO2 dis-solved in water forms an acidic environment that has a strong acid etching and remolding effect on rock samples, indicating that the high-temperature, high-pressure supercritical CO2-water-rock reaction is initially dominated by calcite dissolution, followed by dolomite and feldspar minerals dissolve slowly, and quartz minerals are not significantly altered. This experiment shows that selecting representative samples to carry out simulated water-rock reaction experiments under deep formation conditions is an effective and scientific reservoir modification method. In the current context of high cost, high risk, and high investment in deep oil and gas exploration, the results of the high temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2-water-rock reac-tion experiment have essential reference value for the next step of deep reservoir exploration and develop-ment. Read More